Do You Know About Blu-Thooth?.
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Blue tooth initially conceived by Ericsson.
The five founding members of the Bluetooth SIG are Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba.
On 1 December 1999, the founders that 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft and Motorola, the founders joined forces to form the Promoter Group with the creation of enterprises.
To date, more than 1,200 companies have signed on.
Bluetooth is a standard for a small cheap radio chip to computers, printers, cell phones, etc. are connected.
Blue thooth is a cable-replacement technology.
Uses radio frequencies in the 2.
45 GHz range to transmit information over short distances of generally 33 feet (10 meters) or less.
Thanks to integrate a Bluetooth chip and receiver into products, cables that normally carry the signal can be eliminated.
A Bluetooth chip is designed to replace cables by taking the information normally carried by the cable, and transmitting it at a special frequency to a receiver Bluetooth chip, which will then give the information received to the computer, phone whatever.
Bluetooth piconet or definition: In an ad hoc manner that does not default and design, as with a standard network.
Two to eight devices can be networked into a piconet.
This is a peer that is, once each connected device has the same access to other.
However, one device is defined as master, and the others as slaves.
or Scatternet: Multiple piconets can form a larger scatternet, with each piconet maintaining independent.
o Master unit: The master in a piconet whose clock and hopping sequence synchronizes the other devices.
or slave: Devices in a piconet that is not the master.
o MAC address: Three bit address that distinguishes each unit in a piconet.
Drive or park: Piconet devices that are synchronized but not on MAC addresses.
o Sniff and hold mode: Power-saving mode of a piconet device.
Overview of Bluetooth characteristics are the characteristics of Bluetooth technology: 1.
It separates the frequency band into hops.
This broad spectrum is used to jump from one channel to another, which adds a measure of security.
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2.
Can be networked in a piconet of up to eight devices.
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3.
The signals can be transmitted through walls and briefcases, eliminating the need for line-of-sight.
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4.
The devices need not be pointed at the other, as signals are omni-directional.
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5.
Both synchronous and asynchronous applications are supported, so it is easy to implement a variety of devices and a variety of services such as voice and Internet.
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6.
Regulate governments worldwide, so you can use the same standard wherever one travels.
How could Bluetooth be used?
Well, it's very much up to our imagination.
L But ambition is great, indeed, could find almost all computer systems are usually in a modern office (and home) that are not adapted to a synchronous communication protocol for use with Bluetooth.
Check this list:
Phones and pagers, Modems, LAN access devices, Headsets, Notebook computers,r
Desktop and handheld computers, Printers, Fax machines, Keyboards, Joysticks etc
Virtually any digital device can be part of the Bluetooth system.
The Bluetooth wireless technology can provide a bridge for general data networks, a device interface, and a mechanism for small ad hoc groups of devices connected to the fixed network infrastructure.
The dynamic connectivity-nature of Bluetooth makes it possible for this system to replace USB, and it is an improvement on Plug-and-Play-systems, where the operating system has to be rebooted for the installation to take effect.
Basic functions of Bluetooth Bluetooth wireless technology is very complex.
This is not so surprising, considering the task it has to handle.
It is mainly based on the IEEE 802.
11 standard, briefly described at right.
2 describes the network mode, Bluetooth uses the ad-hoc mode.
This means that each station must observe "netiqette" and give all other units fair access to the wireless media.
IEEE 802 L.
11 communications standard defines the protocol for two types of networks; Ad-hoc and client/server.
The ad-hoc network is a simple network, which made the communication between multiple stations in a given coverage area without using an access point or server.
The client/server network uses an access point that controls the allocation of transmit time for all stations and allows mobile stations to roam from cell to cell.
The access point is used to traffic from the cellular to the backbone wired or wireless network client / server handle.
This arrangement allows for point coordination of all the stations in the basic service area and ensures proper handling of the data traffic.
The access point routes data between the stations and other wireless stations or to and from the network server.
How does Blue Tooth works?
Bluetooth uses frequency hopping in timeslots.
Bluetooth was designed to operate in noisy radio frequency environments, and uses a fast acknowledgment and frequency hopping to make the connection, a secure communication, communication-wise.
Bluetooth radio modules avoid interference from other signals by hopping to a new frequency after transmitting or receiving a packet.
Compared to other operating systems in the same frequency band, the Bluetooth radio is usually faster and uses shorter packets hop.
This is because short packages and fast hopping limit the impact of microwave ovens and other sources of disturbances.
Use of Forward Error Correction (FEC) limits the impact of noise on long-distance routes.
Establishing network connections
In order to establish new connections the procedures inquiry and paging are used.
The inquiry procedure enables a unit to discover which units in the field, and what their device addresses and clocks.
With the paging proce-dure, an actual connection can be established.
Only the Bluetooth device address is required to connect.
Knowledge about the clock will accelerate the setup procedure.
A unit that establishes a connection process is one page and automatically connect to the master of.
For the paging process, several paging schemes can be applied.
C is obligatory that the paging system will be supported by each Bluetooth device must.
This mandatory scheme is used when units meet for the first time, and in case the paging process directly follows the inquiry process.
Two units, once connected with a commitment paging / scanning system can agree on an optional paging / scanning system.
What kind of traffic can Bluetooth handle?
Bluetooth is specifically designed to provide low-cost, robust, efficient, high capacity, ad hoc voice and data networking with the following characteristics:
1.
1 Mb / sec.
transmission/reception rate exploits maximum available channel bandwidth.
2.
Fast frequency hopping avoids interference.
3.
Adaptive output power minimizes interference.
4.
Short data packets maximize capacity during interference.
5.
Fast acknowledge allows low coding overhead for links.
6.
CVSD (Continuous Variable Slope Delta Modulation) voice coding enables operation at high bit-error rates.
7.
Flexible packet types supports a wide application range.
8.
Relaxed link budget supports low-cost single chip integration.
9.
Transmission/reception interface tailored to minimize electric current consumption
What about Bluetooth's security?
Security can mean two things in this context:
o A) We want to be sure that transmitted data arrives in un-corrupted condition to the receiver.
or B) We also feel that these data from the eaves issues for which it is intended fallen.
Both of these issues are (of course!) addressed by Bluetooth.
Secure transmission of data transmissions in a safe workplace and at home? Yes, they should be fairly reliable.
Bluetooth has built in sufficient encryption and authentication and is thus very secure in any environment.
In addition to this, a frequency-hopping with 1600 hops / s.
is employed.
This is much faster than any other competing system.
This, together with an automatic output power adoption to reduce the range exactly to requirement, makes the system extremely difficult to eavesdrop.
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